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Natya Shastra is attributed to the ancient scholar Bharata Muni, and its first complete compilation is dated to between 200 BCE and 200 CE, but estimates vary between 500 BCE and 500 CE. The theoretical foundations of Bharatanatyam are found in Natya Shastra, the ancient Hindu text of performance arts. People of India are proud of this culture. The temple has been a major center for Bharatanatyam since about 1000 CE.Bharatnatyam has a huge effect in South Indian peoples life, parents teach their children this dance form since their childhood and children take this legacy forward to furtheer generation. History ĭancers at Thanjavur, Brihadeshwara temple dedicated to Shiva. The compound word Bharatanatyam thus connotes a dance that harmoniously expresses bhava, raga and tala. The term " Natya" is a Sanskrit word for "dance". According to this belief, bha stands for bhava (feelings, emotions), ra stands for raga (melody, framework for musical notes), and ta stands for tala (rhythm). The word Bharata is a mnemonic, consisting of "bha"–"ra"–"ta". Also were instrumental in modifying mainly the Pandanallur style of dance. 4 Modern revival: schools and training centersĪlso known as Sadiraattam or Parathaiyar Aattam or Thevarattam ( Tamil: சதிராட்டம்), the Indian classical dance form Bharatanatyam is the modification of sadir by E Krishna Iyer and Rukmini Devi Arundale, to give the dance form a measure of respect by proposing a resolution at a 1932 meeting of the Madras Music Academy to rename Sadiraattam as "Bharatanatyam" or Indian dance.3.3 Vocal aspects and musical instruments.2.1 Devadasis, anti-dance movement, colonial ban and the decline.Modern stage productions of Bharatanatyam has been spread out and popular throughout India that has been done in different ways and have incorporated technical performances, pure dance based on non-religious ideas and fusion themes. It was banned by the colonial British government in 1910, but the Indian community protested against the ban and expanded its performance outside temples in the 20th century. īharatanatyam remained exclusive to Hindu temples through the 19th century. The performance repertoire of Bharatanatyam, like other classical dances, includes nrita (pure dance), nritya (solo expressive dance) and natya (group dramatic dance). The dance has traditionally been a form of an interpretive narration of mythical legends and spiritual ideas from Hindu texts. The dance is accompanied by music and a singer, and typically the dancer's guru is present as the Nattuvanar, director, and conductor of the performance and art. Bharatanatyam style is noted for its fixed upper torso, bent legs and knees flexed (Aramandi) combined with spectacular footwork, and a sophisticated vocabulary of sign language based on gestures of hands, eyes, and face muscles. These are named according to the village of the guru (with the exception of some banis). Bani, or 'tradition', is a term used to describe the dance technique and style specific to a guru or school. Bharatanatyam is the state dance form of Tamil Nadu.īharatanatyam contains different types of banis. The dance form was prevalent in ancient Tamil Nadu, and several books have codified it, such as the Natya Shastra by Bharat Muni ( Sanskrit: भरत मुनि). Bharatanatyam is the oldest classical dance tradition in India. Ī description of Bharatanatyam from the 2nd century CE can be found in the ancient Tamil epic Silappatikaram, while temple sculptures of the 6th to 9th century CE suggest it was a highly refined performance art by the mid-1st millennium CE. It is one of eight widely recognized Indian classical dance forms and it expresses South Indian religious themes and spiritual ideas, particularly of Shaivism, Vaishnavism and Shaktism, collectively Hinduism. It has flourished in the temples and courts of southern India since ancient times. The dance form is also briefly mentioned in Kannada text Manasolalla written by Someshwara III.

The Natya Shastra by Bharata Muni and Abhinaya Darpana (Mirror of Gesture) by Nandikeshvara are considered to be the original sources one of Bharatanatyam (an Indian classical dance form). Bharatanatyam is a major hindu form of Indian classical dance that originated in the modern-day region of Tamil Nadu.